Decades-Long Mystery Of Ginger Cats Revealed

Scientists from Kyushu University in Japan and Stanford University in the U.S. have solved a long-standing genetic mystery behind why ginger cats have their distinctive coloring. Their research revealed that the ARHGAP36 gene—found in melanocytes, which control pigmentation in skin, fur, and eyes—is more active in orange cats due to a missing segment of DNA. This increased activity leads to lighter pigmentation, explaining the ginger hue.

Because the gene is located on the X chromosome, ginger cats are more often male, as males have only one X chromosome, while females require mutations on both X chromosomes for the same effect—often resulting in mixed-color coats like calico or tortoiseshell. The study, funded by cat lovers through crowdfunding, may also help uncover potential health risks linked to the ARHGAP36 gene, which is also active in other body systems. Scientists hope this breakthrough can contribute to better understanding feline health and genetics.