On Apache Lands, Progress in a Long War Against Ticks and The Disease They Spread

The San Carlos Apache Reservation in Arizona faces a persistent outbreak of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF), the deadliest tick-borne disease in the U.S., caused by Rickettsia rickettsii bacteria transmitted through tick bites. The outbreak began in 2003, disproportionately affecting children, with fatalities tied to limited healthcare access and the prevalence of brown dog ticks thriving among free-roaming dogs.

In response, the tribe implemented a robust prevention strategy, including community education, tick control measures, and quick medical interventions using doxycycline. Animal Control teams spray pesticides, distribute tick collars, and address stray dog populations. Despite resource constraints, these efforts have successfully eliminated RMSF deaths on the reservation for the past five years, though cases persist. Challenges remain, such as funding limitations and unreported cases, but tribal leaders, health professionals, and community members continue their work, highlighting the necessity of constant vigilance against RMSF in this vulnerable region.