How You Can Stop Your Cat From Bringing Home Unwelcome Pathogens

A new review of more than 400 studies found that cats allowed to roam outdoors are significantly more likely to carry pathogens that can infect humans than indoor-only cats. Researchers identified nearly 100 zoonotic pathogens in cats, including rabies, toxoplasmosis, roundworms, and Salmonella. Outdoor pet cats were found to have three to five times greater odds of carrying disease-causing organisms and had infection risks similar to feral cats.

The study highlights how roaming cats can serve as a bridge between wildlife and humans by hunting rodents, birds, and bats that may carry diseases. Cats can also spread pathogens through their feces, contaminating gardens, parks, and other shared spaces. Researchers note that many owners underestimate how often their cats hunt and interact with wildlife.

To reduce risks, experts recommend preventing unsupervised outdoor roaming through measures such as enclosed “catios,” leash walks, or supervised outdoor time. Regular veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite control remain important, but limiting wildlife exposure offers the most comprehensive protection for cats, people, and ecosystems.